Tutorials for CoLIS5

TUTORIAL DESCRIPTION
The tutorial aims at introducing the main features and architectural characteristics of future Digital Library and Archive Management Systems. To reach this aim is necessary to introduce past and present features and characteristics of Information Retrieval, Library Automation Systems, and Digital Library Systems. After that general introduction the tutorial covers the main aspects that need to be taken into account to design and build next generation Digital Library and Archive Management Systems.
Outline
The first part of the tutorial states the background and clarifies terminology and definitions, so it addresses past and present features and characteristics of Information Retrieval Systems, Library Automation Systems, and initial Digital Library Systems.
The second part of the tutorial addresses main aspects that need to be taken into account to design the architecture and build components of the new generation of Digital Library and Archive Management Systems. To address these aspects has to be taken in mind that the notion of isolated applications or data is increasingly disappearing in favour of a distributed and networked environment with an information centric view, this allows us to design systems that provide integrated services and applications to users, without any distinction between local and remote information resources.

BIOGRAPHY OF TUTOR
Maristella Agosti is Professor of Computer Science, of the Department of Information Engineering (DEI) and Faculty of Humanities, University of Padova, Italy. She is the group leader of the Information Management Systems (IMS) Research Group of the Department which deals with database systems, digital libraries, and information retrieval research. Her research areas of interest are digital library and archive management systems, innovative services for digital library and archive management systems, search engines, Web information retrieval, and evaluation of interactive retrieval systems. She has published more than 100 refereed articles on journals and conference proceedings, and authored or co-authored books and journal issues on hypertext and information retrieval, database design, and automatic construction of hypertexts. She has been involved in several national and international research projects. At present she is coordinating and deeply involved in the research activities of the Department group, which is part of the DELOS Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries, Information Society Technologies (IST) Program of the European Commission (Contract G038-507618).

TUTORIAL DESCRIPTION
This half-day tutorial will be organised into three sessions with a short twenty-minute break/discussion period between each of the three presentations. This will enable participants to discuss issues and ideas that are presented.

The first part of the tutorial will be used to 'set the scene' for subsequent parts. It will investigate the nature of human knowledge and where it originates from and how we store our knowledge - both within our minds and within machines. The role of knowledge and information as a problem solving asset will be discussed along with the need to share our individual knowledge assets with those others with whom we collaborate. The need for e-knowledge systems will be introduced and discussed. We commence with a description of General Systems Theory (GST) and move to a discussion of Checkland's Taxonomy. This is used to introduce human-activity systems. Knowledge systems are then derived as a special case of this type of system. GST is used to introduce the concept of isomorphism and the principle of classification and related techniques.

The second session will discuss the various techniques that we use in order to store and record knowledge. Two important aspects need to be discussed. First, the representation of knowledge within the human mind - here particular emphasis will be given to the role of mental models. Second, how knowledge is encoded within environments that are external to the human mind through the process of exteriorisation. As well as discussing the structure of knowledge, this session will also illustrate the use of knowledge representation tools and techniques such as metanotation (and hence, metadata) and various graphical techniques (such as concept maps, state transition graphs, Petri nets, etc) for capturing different forms of knowledge. The important roles of text, sound, images (and various multimedia combinations of these) for encapsulating knowledge in electronic form will also be outlined.

The third part of the tutorial will explore various approaches to storing knowledge in computer-based systems. It will discuss the importance of metaphors and the use of practical approaches to knowledge management - such as electronic books, digital libraries, intranets, online forums and weblogs. In this section of the tutorial, several case study examples will be explored in order to illustrate some of the various approaches that can be used for managing e?knowledge. A case study will be described involving the use of electronic mapping data and the development of new types of e-book to record and store various types of e-knowledge.

BIOGRAPHY OF TUTOR
Philip Barker is Professor of Applied Computing within the School of Computing and Mathematics at the University of Teesside in Middlesbrough, UK. He is a graduate of the University of Wales and holds both a BSc and PhD qualifications. He is a Fellow of the British Computer Society, a Chartered Engineer and a Chartered Information Technology Professional. He is currently an Associate Lecturer with the UK's Open University. He has written several books on the application of educational technology to teaching and learning within computer-based environments. His current interests include applications of multimedia and virtual reality to the design and production of new types of educational infrastructure (such as virtual university systems and online learning communities) for the support of continuing professional development and lifelong learning. A list of books, research publications and further details can be found at: http://www.philip-barker.demon.co.uk

TUTORIAL DESCRIPTION
Research in Information Seeking (IS) and Information Retrieval (IR) constitute two disparate research areas or camps within Library and Information Science. This tutorial seeks to integrate Information Seeking and Information Retrieval into a unified empirical research framework for IS&R.
The framework incorporates contextual components, situational factors as well as the traditional search engine and document based approaches. It broadens the scope of IR research towards searcher and task contexts, at the same time as demonstrating to IS research how to extend its perspective towards both task and technology contexts.
This calls for a new kind of experimental realism in evaluative IS&R research as well as in field studies of information. The tutorial is divided into two parts.
Part one: First, the research framework and its basic assumptions are described. The types of contexts involved in IS&R are analysed and exemplified. Central (basic) methodological aspects of empirical experiments and investigative designs involving at least three different variables, including test persons and IT elements in context become discussed.
Part two: This part of the tutorial describes in more detail selected dimensions of research variables. It demonstrates how such variables can be controlled, taken as (in)dependent and regarded as hidden variables.

BIOGRAPHY OF TUTOR
Peter Ingwersen, Research Professor in Information Studies. Research areas: Interactive IR; Evaluation methods for work task-based IR; Informetrics-Scientometrics & Webometrics.
He has published several books, mainly on Interactive IR, and more than 70 journal articles and conference papers, in addition to editing work. Among his academic awards are the 1993 Jason Farradane Award, UK; the 2003 Distinguished Research Award, American Society for Information Science & Technology; and the Derek de Solla Price Medal, 2005. He is member of the editorial boards of five internationally leading journals in I&D.